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Upstate New York is the region of the U.S. state of New York generally north of New York City. The region includes all of the state of New York, excluding New York City and its environs, as well as Long Island, though the precise boundary is debated. Upstate New York includes the major cities of Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, and Syracuse.〔 Before the American Revolutionary War, Upstate was populated by Native Americans, and was home to the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. The region saw many battles between the Continental Army and the Iroqoius, and several treaties drawn up after the war ceded much of the land to settlers of European descent. The development of Upstate New York was spurred by the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which greatly eased the transport of goods between the port of New York City and inland cities along the Great Lakes. As a result, Upstate became a hotbed for manufacturing, giving birth to such firms as General Electric, IBM, Kodak, and Xerox, and it welcomed a large influx of immigrants. Since the mid 20th century, American deindustrialization has contributed to economic and population decline Upstate, and the region is largely considered part of the Rust Belt. Unlike the New York metropolitan area, Upstate New York contains vast areas of rural land. As a result, Upstate also supports a strong agriculture industry, and is notable for its milk and dairy products, its fruit production (especially apples), and winemaking.〔http://www.osc.state.ny.us/reports/other/agriculture21-2010.pdf〕 New York City is dependent on the natural resources of Upstate for a variety of services, including the city's water supply and electricity. The region is home to several popular tourist and recreational destinations, including Niagara Falls, the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains, and the Finger Lakes. ==Definition== There is no clear official boundary between Upstate New York and Downstate New York. The broadest usage of the term Upstate New York excludes only New York City and Long Island, which are always considered to be part of Downstate New York. Another usage locates the Upstate/Downstate boundary further north, at the point where New York City's suburbs segue into its exurbs, as the exurbs do not fall within the US Census' urban area. This boundary places most, but not all, of Westchester and Rockland Counties in Downstate, while putting the northwestern edge of Rockland County as well as the northernmost quarter of Westchester County (including Peekskill) in Upstate.〔https://pad.human.cornell.edu/maps2010/maps/NY%20Urban%20Area%20Maps.pdf〕 Yet another definition uses the prior Census definition of the New York metropolitan area, which until 2010 included Westchester, Rockland, and Putnam Counties. This was the definition used by the plaintiffs in the federal redistricting case of ''Rodriguez v. Pataki''.〔''Rodriguez v. Pataki'', 308 F.Supp. 2d 346, 353, note 1, 369 (S.D.N.Y. 2004).〕 Residents of Upstate New York sometimes prefer to identify with a more specific subregion, such as Western New York or Central New York. A number of businesses and institutions in the area have "Upstate" as part of their name. Examples of this include the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, the Upstate New York Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation serving 31 of New York's 62 counties,〔Included in this chapter are Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica & Binghamton areas, and the following counties: Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautaugua, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Erie, Genesee, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca, St. Lawrence, Steuben, Tioga, Tompkins, Wayne, Wyoming and Yates. Note that some northern counties in eastern New York, which are sometimes considered Upstate, are not included in that Arthritis Chapter. Among other counties not included in this chapter are Albany, Clinton, Columbia, Delaware, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Hamilton, Montgomery, Orange, Otsego, Putnam, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Sullivan, Ulster, Warren, and Washington. 〕 and the VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York, which includes all of New York State northward and westward from Kingston, New York in Ulster County.〔 〕 Other organizations in New York with "Upstate" in their name include the Upstate Collegiate Athletic Association, the Upstate Correctional Facility, the Upstate New York Club Hockey League, the Upstate New York Synod, and the Upstate Citizens for Equality. The term ''Upstate America'' is also occasionally used instead of "Upstate New York" (see, for instance, some of the work of Albany political reporter Jimmy Vielkind) to emphasize the differences between upstate and downstate New York, sometimes in comparison to other similar states in the northern tier of the United States.〔New York Times editorial (June 18, 2006). (The Unsettling of Upstate America ). ''New York Times''. Retrieved 2011-08-05. 〕〔 Benjamin, Elizabeth (August 5, 2011). (Here and now ). Retrieved 2011-08-05. Item starting "Formerly of Upstate America..." 〕〔 Seiler, Casey (July 19, 2010). (AM Roundup: Cuomo visits upstate America ). ''Times Union''. Retrieved 2011-08-05.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Upstate New York」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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